The 5 Fs: fight, flight, freeze, flop and friend (2024)

The freeze, flop, friend, fight or flight reactions are immediate, automatic and instinctive responses to fear. Understanding them a little might help you make sense of your experiences and feelings.

How our bodies respond to danger

We usually experience fear when we sense we are in danger. When our brains alert our bodies to the presence of danger, our bodies respond automatically.

For example, to prepare us to deal with immediate danger, our bodies often:

  • Speed up our heart rate and breathing, to increase theoxygen and blood going to our muscles.
  • Tighten our muscles, ready for use if needed.
  • Deactivate bodily functions that aren't immediately important, like digestion.
  • Sweat, so we don't get too hot.
  • Release adrenaline, to give us energy.
  • Release cortisol, to relieve pain. This can also have the effect of blocking rational thinking, which is why in times of extreme stress and fear,we sometimes feel our heads are cloudy or that we can't concentrate.

Fight, flight, freeze, flop, friend

Because we hear a lot about 'fight or flight', we can sometimes feel disappointed, frustrated or even angry with ourselves that when we were in a situation of extreme fear or danger, we didn't experience superhuman strength or speed to struggle or run off.

But the other three common reactions to fear and danger - freeze, flop and friend - are just as instinctive as fight or flight, and we don't get to choose which ones we experience in the moment.

All five responses are our bodies' automatic ways of protecting us from further harm and surviving a dangerous situation:

  • Fight: physically fighting, pushing, struggling, and fighting verbally e.g. saying 'no'.
  • Flight: putting distance between you and danger, including running, hiding or backing away.
  • Freeze: going tense, still and silent. This is a common reaction to rape and sexual violence.Freezing is not givingconsent, it is an instinctive survival response.Animals often freeze toavoid fights and potential further harm, or to 'play dead' and so avoidbeing seen and eaten by predators.
  • Flop: similar to freezing, except your muscles become loose and your body goes floppy. This is an automatic reaction that can reduce the physical pain of what's happening to you. Your mind can also shut down to protect itself.
  • Friend: calling for a 'friend' or bystander for help, for example by shouting or screaming,and/or'befriending' the person who is dangerous, for exampleby placating, negotiating, bribing or pleading with them. Again, this is not you giving your attacker consent, it is an instinctive survival mechanism.

Memory and triggers

Sometimes when we are experiencing and responding to extreme fear or danger, our memories are not processed and stored in the usual way.

When we experience a traumatic event, our brain often stores the memory based on what we are feeling and sensing at that time. When our brain then recognises similarities between our present situation and our past trauma (e.g. a colour, smell or noise), it can activate the fight, flight, freeze, flop or friend response, even if we're not currently in danger.We call this being triggered, and it can be a common experience for people who've been through the trauma of sexual abuse, rape or any kind of sexual violence.

This can cause:

It can be helpful to try and remind yourself at these times that you are not in present danger. Youare safe. Your brain has just recognised a similarity between your present and your past trauma and triggered yourbody to react.

Grounding techniques can help you manage responses to being triggered. Learn more about grounding.

The 5 Fs: fight, flight, freeze, flop and friend (2024)

FAQs

The 5 Fs: fight, flight, freeze, flop and friend? ›

There are actually 5 of these common responses, including 'freeze', 'flop' and 'friend', as well as 'fight' or 'flight'. The freeze, flop, friend, fight or flight reactions are immediate, automatic and instinctive responses to fear. Understanding them a little might help you make sense of your experiences and feelings.

What are the 5 F's of survival? ›

Whether you spring into fight, flight, freeze, flop, or even fawn, your survival mechanism is to avoid the danger and return to a sense of control. The stress response can trigger instantaneously, but how soon your body comes back to normal varies from person to person.

What are the 5 F's? ›

While we're familiar with the terms fight and flight – the response when faced with danger, preparing you for action – there are actually five 'fs': fight, flight, freeze, flop, and fawn.

What are the 6 F trauma responses? ›

It's common to see references to the basic human instincts of 'fight or flight' when faced with a traumatic situation. In fact, the brain is hardwired to deliver a wider range of reactions, which can be summed up as fight, flight, freeze, fawn and flop.

What are the 7 F trauma responses? ›

Key Takeaways: Everyone responds to trauma in a different way, and different kinds of trauma can have different responses in the same people. The six main types of trauma responses are fight, flight, freeze, fawn, fine, and faint. All reactions to trauma are valid, but trauma should always be addressed in therapy.

What is the fight, flight or freeze response ______? ›

The fight-flight-freeze response is your body's natural reaction to danger. It happens through hormonal and physiological changes that allow you to act quickly so you can protect yourself.

What are the 4 F responses? ›

The responses are usually referred to as the 4Fs – Fight, Flight, Freeze, and Fawn and have evolved as a survival mechanism to help us react quickly to life-threatening situations.

What are the 5 F's of the brain? ›

There are actually 5 of these common responses, including 'freeze', 'flop' and 'friend', as well as 'fight' or 'flight'. The freeze, flop, friend, fight or flight reactions are immediate, automatic and instinctive responses to fear. Understanding them a little might help you make sense of your experiences and feelings.

What do the 4 F's stand for? ›

In evolutionary psychology, people often speak of the four Fs which are said to be the four basic and most primal drives (motivations or instincts) that animals (including humans) are evolutionarily adapted to have, follow, and achieve: fighting, fleeing, feeding and mating (the final word beginning with the letter "M" ...

What are the 5 F's of goal setting? ›

As we've communicated, it's not what the goal is; it's what the goal does. Goals are a means. The Five Fs: Family and Friends, Finances, Fun, Faith, and Fitness are simple categories to organize your goals. Using these five life categories for successful new year goals may make your 2023 the best year ever.

What are the 5 F's of hygiene? ›

The 5 F's, that infectious diseases are transmitted from one person to another are through food, finger, fluid, fomite, and faeces. A major public health concern is that infectious diseases affect children more frequently.

What are the 5 Fs in health? ›

India's post. Food (contaminated), Fingers (unclean), Faeces, Fomites, and Flies.

What are the 5 points of trauma? ›

The five guiding trauma-informed values and principles proposed by Drs. Maxine Harris and Roger Fallot are safety (physical and emotional), trustworthiness, choice, collaboration, and empowerment.

What is the flop response? ›

The flop response is the human equivalent of an animal “playing dead.” People who experience the flop response may refer to it as an out-of-body experience. It's as though the traumatic event is happening to someone else, which can provide some semblance of protection for intense and unwanted experiences.

What are the three F's in psychology? ›

Fight, flight or freeze are the three most basic stress responses. They reflect how your body will react to danger. Fawn is the fourth stress response that was identified later. The fight response is your body's way of facing any perceived threat aggressively.

What are the 5 reactions to trauma? ›

We actually have 5 hardwired responses to trauma: fight, flight, freeze, flop, and friend. In a moment of danger, these responses all happen automatically to try to keep us safe.

What is the FFF response in psychology? ›

The fight, flight, or freeze response refers to involuntary physiological changes that happen in the body and mind when a person feels threatened. It can cause rapid breathing, flushed skin, tense muscles, and more. This response exists to keep people safe, preparing them to face, escape, or hide from danger.

What are the four F's of ADHD? ›

A child may suffer from a trauma at a young age, and if not handled in the correct way, this can cause the symptoms of ADHD. You may have heard of the 4F's that we as humans are born with, in response to a threat. Freeze, fight, flee or fawn mode.

Can PTSD be stuck in fight-or-flight? ›

People with PTSD have been found to continue to produce high amounts of fight or flight hormones even when there's no danger. It's thought this may be responsible for the numbed emotions and hyperarousal experienced by some people with PTSD.

How to calm a fight-or-flight? ›

How to Calm a Fight-or-Flight Response
  1. Developing a healthy support network.
  2. Engaging in relaxation exercises.
  3. Getting regular physical exercise.
  4. Making sleep a priority.
  5. Practice deep breathing techniques.
Nov 7, 2022

How to get out of freeze? ›

Body-Based Techniques for Overcoming Functional Freeze
  1. deep breathing exercises.
  2. grounding practices.
  3. somatic experiencing.
  4. self-compassion training.
Dec 14, 2023

What are the 5 F's in psychology? ›

The Five F Responses — Fight, Flight, Freeze, Fawn and Flop — are an automatic physical reaction to real or perceived danger via a release of hormones in the body, such as adrenaline and cortisol. This happens when our Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) swings into action.

What is the 3 F response? ›

F3 or the Fight-Flight-Freeze response is the body's automatic, built-in system designed to protect us from threat or danger. For example, when you hear the words, “look out!” you may be surprised to find how fast you move, and thankfully so, as you narrowly miss a flying puck sailing through your kitchen window!

What are the five categories of response? ›

The most common approach is to use five categories: strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, and strongly agree.

What are the 5 F's of biology? ›

The 5 F's, that infectious diseases are transmitted from one person to another are through food, finger, fluid, fomite, and faeces.

Can your body get stuck in fight or flight mode? ›

When you are stuck in chronic fight-or-flight mode, you don't think clearly and are more easily distracted. Activities that provide temporary pleasure, such as eating junk food or drinking alcohol are unhelpful strategies that do not reduce the stress effects on our brain and body.

How to get your body out of fight or flight mode? ›

Breathing exercises and meditation stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (which calms down our stress responses so we can “reset”) via the vagus nerves, and reduce cortisol. A good cry can help too by releasing stress energy and increasing oxytocin and endorphins.

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